• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A forage harvester (10) is equipped with a header (20). The forage harvester (10) comprises a chopper drum (22) with knives (62, 64) distributed around its circumference, to which the fruit stands can be fed in a first section (70) and the other plant parts separately in a second section (68) is axially offset and rigidly connected to the first section (70). The knives (62) of the chopping drum (22) which follow one another in the circumferential direction have a different spacing in the first section (70) than the knives (64) in the second section (68) and / or the conveying speed in the first feed channel differs from the conveying speed in the second feed channel.
    公开号:BE1026070B1
    申请号:E20180139
    申请日:2018-11-19
    公开日:2020-01-08
    发明作者:Cole L Murray；Lyndon Lucasson
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    The invention relates to a forage harvester with a harvesting attachment, wherein: the harvesting attachment is equipped with devices for harvesting plants and means for separating fruit stalks of the plants and the fruit stalks can be fed to a first intake channel of the forage harvester, while the remaining plant parts can be fed to a second intake channel of the forage harvester and the forage harvester comprises a chopper drum with knives distributed around its circumference, to which the fruit stands can be fed through the first feed channel in a first section and, separately therefrom, the remaining plant parts can be fed through the second feed channel in a second section, which is axially offset with respect to the first section and rigidly connected to it.
    Technological background
    Forage harvesters are used to harvest whole plants or their parts, which are taken from a field in operation by means of a header, pressed together by pre-pressing rollers and fed to a knife drum, the chopping knives of which cut the plants together with a counter knife. The cut plants or parts are then fed to a conditioning device in order to disintegrate the grains contained therein and are conveyed by a post-accelerator into a discharge chute, which is then loaded onto a transport vehicle. The harvested plants are usually used as animal feed or for biogas production.
    The conditioning device usually comprises two driven rollers, between which the crop is passed
    BE2018 / 0139. It has a relatively high drive power requirement, since both the stems and leaves of the plants and the fruit stands are passed through it.
    There have been various approaches in the prior art to process the fruit stands and the remaining parts of the plants separately. For example, DE 195 27 698 C2, SU 1 713 475 Al and NL 1 007 189 C suggest separating the fruit stands from the other plant parts during harvest, feeding them separately to a shredding device and finally chopping the fruit stands and other plant parts into different ones To direct containers. DE 195 28 817 C2, which is considered to be generic, describes a forage harvester in which the fruit stands are separated from the other parts of the plant and fed separately to separate shredding devices or a shared shredding device, and the chopped fruit stands and other plant parts are finally fed into different containers. This procedure is relatively unprofitable, since you have to direct the crop from the forage harvester into two separate containers and transport and unload them separately. The arrangements described in the first three documents mentioned also require two separate shredding devices, which means a high outlay.
    In DD 265 544 A1 it is proposed to first feed the fruit stalks to a damage device which consists of two belt straps provided with pins, which are driven at different speeds and between which the fruit stalks are passed. The damaged fruit stands are then chopped together with the other parts of the plant and loaded onto a transport vehicle. A disadvantage is that the damage device has not proven to be practical.
    In EP 1 106 047 A1, on the other hand, it is proposed that the fruit stands be fed to a hammer mill, while the others
    BE2018 / 0139
    Plant parts are chopped. The two streams of material can be directed into separate containers through separate spouts or combined and discharged onto a transport container through a single spout. The hammer mill simultaneously crushes and processes the fruit stands. It has also not proven itself in practice.
    task
    The object on which the invention is based is seen in providing a forage harvester which does not have the disadvantages mentioned or has them to a reduced extent.
    invention
    The present invention is defined by the claims.
    A forage harvester with a header is described. The header is equipped with facilities for harvesting plants and means for separating fruit stands of the plants. The fruit stands can be fed to a first feed channel of the forage harvester, while the remaining parts of the plant can be fed to a second feed channel of the forage harvester. The header therefore includes means for separating the fruit heads from the remaining parts of the plant. These means can be picking units. The fruit stands and the other parts of the plant are fed into separate feed channels of the forage harvester in separate streams. The forage harvester comprises a chopper drum with knives distributed around its circumference. A first section of the chopper drum can be fed through the first feed channel and a second section of the chopper drum, which is axially offset from the first section and rigidly connected to the first section, can be fed separately from the first section through the second feed channel. The two material flows are chopped
    BE2018 / 0139 therefore separately from each other, but by a single chopper drum in two axially offset sections. In order to process the fruit stands with a different intensity and in particular to shred them into smaller pieces than the other parts of the plant, successive knives of the chopper drum in the circumferential direction have a different and in particular smaller distance than in the second section and / or the conveying speed in the first feed channel differs differs from the conveying speed in the second feed channel, it being in particular greater than that in the second feed channel. In other words, the cutting lengths with which the chopper drum processes the two crop flows differ.
    Downstream of the chopper drum, a single ejection device can follow, through which both the chopped fruit stands and the chopped, other plant parts can be loaded together onto a transport vehicle.
    A downstream re-shredding arrangement can be assigned to the first section, which can be constructed in a manner known per se from two or more co-operating rollers. Such post-processing by means of a post-shredding arrangement comprising two rollers is generally not necessary for the material stream discharged from the second section of the chopping drum, since the chopped, other plant parts do not contain any fruit stands to be broken up by a post-shredding device. However, it would be conceivable to feed the material stream discharged from the second section of the chopper drum to a re-trimming device arranged between the second section of the chopper drum and a discharge conveyor or to a friction floor.
    embodiment
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained on the basis of the figures. Show it:
    BE2018 / 0139
    Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a forage harvester with a header, and
    Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the forage harvester and the header.
    1 shows a self-propelled forage harvester 10 in a schematic side view. The forage harvester 10 is built on a supporting chassis 12, which is carried by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The forage harvester 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a harvesting attachment 20 which is detachably attached to a feed housing 36 can be seen. An operator interface 98 equipped with display and input means and a control 52 connected to it enable the operator to control and change operating parameters of the forage harvester 10 from his workplace.
    The header 20 is suitable for harvesting corn or other stem-like plants (such as sunflowers) that have separable fruit heads (pistons, fruit baskets). The header 20 comprises a supporting frame 60, which extends across its width and on which a number (in the embodiment shown eight, although any other number would also be possible) is distributed over the picking units 54 and mowing and intake devices 56 arranged underneath are. The picking units 54 each comprise a picking gap and one or two picking rollers arranged underneath, which pull the stems of the plants down during operation, so that the fruit stands at the picking gap are separated from the other parts of the plant (stems and leaves). The fruit stands are conveyed together by an upper transverse conveyor 48 in the form of a transverse screw conveyor and, offset slightly from the longitudinal center plane of the header 20, are fed to a conveyor 44 which delivers them to the rear into a first intake channel of the forage harvester 10. The first feed channel comprises upper pre-compression rollers 34 and lower pre-compression rollers 38, of which the lower and / or upper against the
    BE2018 / 0139 are biased upper or lower, be it by spring force and / or a hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
    The remaining parts of the plant are harvested by means of the mowing and feeding devices 56 arranged under the picking units 54. The latter comprise lower cutting disks for separating the stems from the stumps remaining in the ground and conveying disks arranged above them with recesses distributed around their edge for receiving the stems of the plants. The remaining parts of the plant are conveyed together by a lower cross conveyor 50 in the form of a cross conveyor screw and are discharged to the rear along the median longitudinal plane of the header 20 into a second feed channel of the forage harvester 10. The second feed channel includes upper pre-press rolls 30 and lower pre-press rolls 32, the lower and / or upper of which are prestressed against the upper and lower, either by spring force and / or a hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
    The header 20 is removably attached to a feed housing 36 of the forage harvester 10, which receives the two feed channels with the pre-pressing rollers 34, 38 and 30, 32 and can be pivoted about the height of the header by an actuator, not shown, about the axis of rotation of a chopper drum 22 to adjust against the floor. The harvesting header itself is described in EP 1 106 047 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference into the present documents.
    The fruit stands conveyed in the first feed channel are fed to a first section 70 of a chopper drum 22 and comminuted by the latter in cooperation with a first shear bar 40, while the remaining plant parts conveyed in the second feed channel are fed to a second section 68 of the chopper drum 22 and in cooperation therewith a second shear bar 46 can be crushed. The two feed channels and counter cutting edges 40, 46 are shown in FIG
    BE2018 / 0139
    Circumferential direction of the chopper drum 22 offset, although they could also lie in a common plane.
    The two sections 68, 70 of the chopper drum 22 are rigidly connected to one another and are preferably manufactured as a one-piece element. They can comprise a closed drum casing or be made as an open construction. The diameters of both sections 70, 68 are shown to be of equal size in FIG. 2, although they could also be different. The second section 68 could thus have a larger diameter than the first section 70, since it generally has to process more throughput. The same diameters of both sections 68, 70, however, offer manufacturing advantages.
    In the first section 70, the chopper drum 22 comprises a number of knives 62 distributed around its circumference, which can extend over the entire width of the first section 70 or a part thereof. In the second case, adjacent knives 62 can be offset in the circumferential direction in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 2, or aligned with one another on a line. The cutting edges of the knives 62 can run axially or, as shown in FIG. 2, be arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation.
    In the second section 68, the chopper drum 22 comprises a number of knives 64 distributed around its circumference, which can extend over the entire width of the first section 68 or a part thereof. In the second case, adjacent knives 64 can be offset in the circumferential direction in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 2, or aligned with one another on a line. The cutting edges of the knives 64 can run axially or, as shown in FIG. 2, be arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation.
    In order to be able to work the fruit stands more intensively than the other parts of the plant, the knives 62 provided in the first section 70 and adjacent in the circumferential direction are narrower
    BE2018 / 0139 arranged in succession as the knives 64 in the second section 68.
    As an alternative or in addition, the conveying speed in the first feed channel (i.e. the peripheral speed of the pre-pressing rollers 34 and 38) can differ from the conveying speed in the second feeding channel (i.e. the peripheral speed of the pre-pressing rollers 30 and 32) and in particular in the first conveying channel may be greater than in the second conveying channel.
    It is thus achieved that the cutting lengths of the fruit stands and the other plant parts (determined by the conveying speed in the respective feed channel and the distance in the circumferential direction of successive knives of the chopping drum) are or may be different. As a result, the fruit stands in particular can be shredded more intensively than the other parts of the plant, which simplifies further processing (see the following paragraph). However, it would also be conceivable to choose the cutting length of the other parts of the plant to be shorter than the cutting length of the fruit stands, depending on the wishes of the farmer or on nutritional knowledge. By means of an automatic control of the conveying speed in the first feed channel, the cutting length of the fruit stands could also be selected depending on the throughput in the first feed channel, in order to shred the fruit stands the smaller the larger the throughput and vice versa, which simplifies the post-processing and requires less energy for the latter ,
    On the delivery side (downstream) of the first section 70 is a post-processing device (grain processor) with two interacting rollers 28, 28 'of any embodiment, which serves to break down the grains of the fruit stands for better digestibility. Downstream of the post-processing device, those arriving from the first feed channel, in the first section 70 of FIG
    BE2018 / 0139
    Chopper drum 22 chopped and reprocessed fruit stands and the remaining plant parts chopped in from the second feed channel, which are chopped in the second section 68 of the chopper drum 22 less shortly than the fruit stands, into a single stream, which is accelerated by a delivery conveyor 24 and via a turntable 66 into one through not Actuators shown height and rotatable about the vertical axis discharge chute 26 comes with an adjustable discharge flap, which serves as an ejection device to overload the chopped crop onto a transport vehicle traveling next to the forage harvester 10.
    The chopper drum 22 and the discharge conveyor 24 can be driven in the usual way by a belt drive from an internal combustion engine arranged longitudinally or transversely in the rear of the forage harvester 10.
    It should also be noted that in the embodiment shown, the second feed channel with the upper pre-compression rollers 30 and lower pre-compression rollers 32 is arranged exactly on the longitudinal center plane of the forage harvester 10. The combination with the second crop flow downstream of the post-processing device means that the discharge conveyor 24 and the rotating ring 66 are not arranged on the longitudinal center plane of the forage harvester 10, but are laterally offset to the left in FIG. However, one could move the two feed channels and the chopper drum 22 to the right in order to finally get the discharge conveyor 24 and the turntable 66 back onto the median longitudinal plane of the forage harvester 10.
    It would also be conceivable to bring together the pre-compression rollers 30 and 32 of the first feed channel on the one hand and the pre-compression rollers 34 and 38 of the second pre-compression channel, i.e. analogous to the chopper drum 22, they each perform as a single element that extends over both feed channels. On the other hand, the chopper drum 22 could also be made in two parts, i.e. everyone who
    BE2018 / 0139
    Assign feed chutes to their own chopper drum, which are driven separately or together.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. forage harvester (10) with a harvesting attachment (20), wherein: the harvesting attachment (20) is equipped with devices for harvesting plants and means for separating fruit stalks of the plants and the fruit stalks can be fed to a first intake channel of the forage harvester (10), while the remaining parts of the plant can be fed to a second intake channel of the forage harvester (10), and the forage harvester (10) comprises a chopper drum (22) with knives (62, 64) distributed around its circumference, the fruit stands in a first section through the first intake channel (70) and separately from it the remaining plant parts can be fed through the second feed channel in a second section (68) which is axially offset and rigidly connected to the first section (70), characterized in that the successive knives in the circumferential direction ( 62) of the chopper drum (22) in the first section (70) a different distance than the one after the other in the circumferential direction Have knives (64) in the second section (68) and / or the conveying speed in the first feed channel differs from the conveying speed in the second feed channel.
    [2]
    2. forage harvester (68) according to claim 1, wherein the successive circumferential knife (62) of the chopper drum (22) in the first section (70) have a smaller distance than the knife (64) in the second section (68) and / or the conveying speed in the first feed channel is greater than in the second feed channel.
    [3]
    3. forage harvester (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein downstream of the chopper drum (22) is followed by an ejection device through which both the chopped fruit stands and the chopped, other plant parts can be loaded onto a transport vehicle.
    BE2018 / 0139
    [4]
    4. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the first section (70) is assigned a downstream subsequent shredding arrangement.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    DE3528638C2|1997-04-30|Device for the production of concentrate
    DE19734747B4|2005-02-03|Corn harvest attachment for attachment to a self-propelled harvester
    EP1106047A1|2001-06-13|Corn gathering and picking device and harvesting machine
    EP1566092A1|2005-08-24|Harvester with chopper
    DD139379A5|1980-01-02|Longitudinal flow combine harvester
    DE3240954A1|1983-06-01|SUGAR CANE HARVESTING MACHINE
    DE3234657C2|1990-05-17|
    EP0917819B1|2002-06-05|Combine with a straw chopper
    DE3122920A1|1982-05-19|"HARVESTING MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR HARVEST"
    EP3001892B1|2017-06-14|Maize harvesting device with plant stubble puller and shredder
    DE10016407A1|2001-10-11|Method and device for harvesting and processing fruit stands and residual plants as silage feed
    EP0492273A2|1992-07-01|Crop chopper
    BE1026070B1|2020-01-08|Forage harvester with separate processing of material flows
    EP3150058B1|2019-04-10|Combine harvester
    EP2923556B1|2020-08-05|Front attachment for a self-propelled combine-harvester for harvesting maize
    AT320331B|1975-02-10|Forage harvester
    DE102018102594A1|2019-08-08|Harvester
    DE19528817C2|1999-11-11|Process for harvesting agricultural crops
    EP2106685B1|2011-04-27|Forage harvester with conditioning device
    EP3090618B1|2018-08-22|Fine crushing device
    EP3354126B1|2020-09-23|Cutter and shredding drum for a chaff cutter
    EP2823702B1|2017-09-13|Fine crushing device
    DE2621292A1|1977-11-24|Maize harvester cutter assembly - has contra-rotating rotors with toothed wheels having overlapping sections
    DE19632000A1|1997-11-20|Agricultural harvester machine with crop-collector and preparation appliance
    WO2015043565A1|2015-04-02|Harvesting device for harvesting maize or other cereals
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026070A1|2019-09-26|
    DE102017223174A1|2019-06-19|
    BE1026070A9|2020-01-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3680291A|1969-11-10|1972-08-01|Deere & Co|Corn harvesting machine|
    DE19527698C2|1995-07-28|1998-07-02|Geringhoff Carl Gmbh Co Kg|Picking attachment for a harvesting device|
    DE19528817C2|1995-08-05|1999-11-11|Ludger Wiegert|Process for harvesting agricultural crops|
    WO2001074142A1|2000-04-01|2001-10-11|Gärtner, Falk|Method and device for the preparation of cereals and residual plant matter as silage fodder|
    DD265544A1|1987-11-02|1989-03-08|Univ Rostock|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MAISERNTE|
    SU1713475A1|1989-11-10|1992-02-23|Sindalovskij Dmitrij M|Maize combine-harvester for separate shredding of stalks and cobs|
    NL1007189C2|1997-10-01|1999-04-07|Eugelink Landbouw Loonbedrijf|Maize harvesting machine mounted on wheels|
    DE19959338A1|1999-12-09|2001-06-13|Kemper Gmbh Maschf|Feeding and picking device and harvesting machine|
    法律状态:
    2020-03-02| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200108 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017223174.2A|DE102017223174A1|2017-12-19|2017-12-19|Forage harvester with separate processing of material streams|
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